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The nature of the Passchendaele fighting precluded the honoured or normal
burial for the majority of those who died in battle. German artillery was
fierce even after the battle ended and prevented the collection of those
already dead. Consequently, many dead remained where they fell, in shell
holes, or were absorbed into the sucking mud. Only those who died of their
wounds had the honour of a known burial. In 1919, when the battlefield
clearances began, the bodies of 25,000 Commonwealth soldiers were found in the
area north, south and east of Passchendaele. Most were found in solitary
unmarked graves. More than 70% were unidentifiable. Throughout France and Belgium cemeteries fall
into three main categories:
Regimental or Frontline Cemeteries:
Located near the front lines, these cemeteries were for quick burials of
soldiers killed at the front. They may also be small battlefield cemeteries
set up by Divisional or Corps Burial Officers immediately after a battle.
Often the layout and rows are irregular.
Battlefield Clearance Cemeteries:
These were usually small cemeteries that were greatly expanded after the
war by the concentration of remains brought in from surrounding
battlefields. They contain a high proportion of unidentified
graves and the layout of the rows is regular and often symmetric.
Hospital Centre Cemeteries:
These are near main hospital centres or casualty clearing stations. All
burials are in chronological order and few graves are unidentified.
Below are a list of some of the cemeteries for Canadian soldiers
that fought at Passchendaele. For a complete listing, please refer to Norm
Christie's book For King and Empire, The Canadians at Passchendaele.
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Regimental or Frontline Cemeteries and Battlefield Clearance Cemeteries
Hospital Centre Cemeteries
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Regimental or Frontline Cemeteries and Battlefield Clearance Cemeteries
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Tyne Cot British Cemetery |
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Tyne Cot Cemetery is the largest Commonwealth war cemetery in the world.
Started in 1917, the cemetery lies three kilometres southwest of the village
of Passchendaele. Concentrations from the battlefields during the searches
between 1919 and 1921 enlarged the cemetery considerably. It contains 11,871 war graves, of which 70 percent are unidentified. Of the 966 Canadians
in the cemetery, 554 are unidentified. Nine hundred graves are those of
Canadians killed in the Passchendaele fighting of 1917.
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Passchendaele New British Cemetery |
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Passchendaele New Cemetery is on the road to Gravenstafel, north of Passchendaele, resting on the Bellevue Spur at Mosselmarkt. The cemetery was
made in 1920 and 1921 from battlefield clearances and contains 2,091
Commonwealth burials of which 77 percent are unknown. Canadian burials,
all casualties of Passchendaele, number 650; 452 (70 percent)
of them are unknowns.
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Poelcapelle British Cemetery |
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Poelcapelle Cemetery lies in open country east of the village of
Poelcapelle and was made in 1919 and 1920 from the clearances of the
battlefields. Of the 525 Canadians buried here, 80 percent are
unidentified. Four hundred of the Canadians were killed at Passchendaele.
This rarely visited cemetery is perhaps the one that most represents the
battle of Passchendaele. Sadly, only 1,300 of the 7,500 men
killed in a sea of mud have a name. The other forgotten heroes rest in
oblivion or, as their headstones explain, "Known unto God."
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The Ypres Reservoir Cemetery was used continuously throughout the war and
enlarged by the battlefield clearances. It now contains 2,611 Commonwealth
graves, including 151 Canadians. The Canadian soldiers were killed in a
variety of battles between 1915 and 1917. Roughly half are graves of those
killed in the Passchendaele fighting.
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Hospital Centre Cemeteries
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Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery, Poperinghe |
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The second largest Commonwealth War Cemetery in Belgium is two kilometres south of Poperinghe in open country. This area was the direct communication link with Ypres throughout the war. A light gauge railway was built between the two towns to transfer supplies, munition and reinforcements to the front and to withdraw casualties. As Lijssenthoek was near the railway
siding, wounded were brought there from the salient throughout the war. The
1,051 Canadians buried here represent minor and major actions in which
Canadians participated in the Ypres Salient between 1916 and 1917,
particularly Mount Sorrel and Passchendaele.
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Nine Elms British Cemetery, Poperinghe |
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This cemetery, located on the western side of the town, was a hospital
centre specifically set up for the Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele).
Of the 289 Canadians buried here, all are casualties of Passchendaele.
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Vlamertinghe, New Military Cemetery |
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This is a typical hospital centre cemetery, used predominantly for wounded
from the battle of Passchendaele. It contains 1,813 Commonwealth burials of
which 155 are Canadian.
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